Double Eagle M1a1 Drum Magazine Ful Semi Auto Airsoft Tommy Gun

Double Eagle M1a1 Drum Magazine Ful Semi Auto Airsoft Tommy Gun

American submachine gun

Submachine gun

Thompson Submachine Gun, Caliber .45
Model 1921 Thompson with vertical foregrip and 100 round Type "C" drum magazine
Type	Submachine gun
Place of origin	United States
Service history
In service	1938–1971 (officially, U.Due south. military) 1921–present (other countries)
Used by	See Users
Wars	Chaco War Assistant Wars[ane] Irish gaelic Ceremonious State of war[2] Castellammarese War World State of war Ii[3] Indonesian National Revolution Chinese Ceremonious War[four] Get-go Indochina War[5] Greek Civil War[6] Indo-Pakistani State of war of 1947 1948 Arab–Israeli War[7] Malayan Emergency[viii] Korean War[iii] Algerian War Vietnam War[three] Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation The Troubles[9] Turkish invasion of Cyprus Yugoslav Wars[x] Republic of iraq War[11] and numerous others
Production history
Designer	John T. Thompson
Designed	1917–1920
Manufacturer	Automobile-Ordnance Company (originally) The Birmingham Small-scale Artillery Company Limited Colt Savage Arms RPB Industries
Produced	1921–1945
No. congenital	Approximately 1.75 million of all variants,[12] including: 562,511 M1928A1 285,480 M1 539,143 M1A1
Variants	See Variants section
Specifications
Mass	10.viii lb (four.9 kg) empty (Thompson M1928A1)[xiii] x lb (four.v kg) empty (Thompson M1A1) [xiv]
Length	33.seven in (860 mm) (M1928A1 with compensator)[13] 31.9 in (810 mm) (M1/M1A1)[fourteen]
Barrel length	10.52 in (267 mm)[13] 12 in (300 mm) (with Cutts compensator)
Cartridge	.45 ACP (eleven.43×23mm) 10mm Auto (Limited quantity of FBI conversions)[15]
Action	Blowback, Blish Lock
Charge per unit of fire	approx. 700–800rpm (M1928),[13] approx. 600-700rpm (M1A1),[14] approx.900 rpm (M1921) approx. 1500 rpm (Annihilator)
Muzzle velocity	935 ft/s (285 m/s)
Effective firing range	164 yds (150 m[16])
Feed system	20-round stick/box mag 0.iv lb (0.2 kg) unloaded[13] 30-circular stick/box magazine 0.5 lb (0.two kg) unloaded[xiii] 50-round pulsate mag 2.6 lb (ane.2 kg) unloaded[xiii] 100-round drum magazine (M1 and M1A1 models do not take drum magazines)

The Thompson submachine gun (too known as the "Tommy Gun", "Chicago Typewriter", "Chicago Piano", or "Trench Broom") is a blowback-operated, air-cooled, magazine-fed selective-burn submachine gun, invented by the Us Army Brigadier general John T. Thompson in 1918. It was originally designed to break the stalemate of trench warfare of Earth War I, but was not finished until after the war ended.

The Thompson saw early utilize past the United States Marine Corps during the Banana Wars,^[17] the United States Postal Inspection Service, the Irish Republican Army, the Commonwealth of People's republic of china, and the FBI (following the Kansas City Massacre).

The Thompson became notorious during the Prohibition era, used every bit a signature weapon of various organized law-breaking syndicates in the United States in the 1920s. It was a common sight in the media at the time, and was used past both constabulary enforcement officers and criminals.^[18]

The Thompson was widely adopted by the U.South. armed forces during Globe War 2, and was also used extensively past other Allied troops during the war. Its main models were designated every bit the M1928A1, M1 and M1A1 during this time. More than one.5 million Thompson submachine guns were produced during World War II.^[19]

It is the beginning weapon to be labelled and marketed as a "submachine gun".^[20]

The original selective-fire Thompson variants are no longer produced, although numerous semi-automatic civilian versions are all the same being produced past the manufacturer Auto-Ordnance. These models retain a similar appearance to the original models, merely accept various modifications in club to comply with US firearm laws.

History and service [edit]

Development [edit]

Brigadier general John T. Thompson was the original developer of the Thompson submachine gun, who spent nigh of his career in the ordnance section of the U.S. Army. He envisioned it as being a fully automatic rifle in order to replace the bolt-action service rifles then in use (such as the American M1903 Springfield).

Brigadier general Thompson came across a patent issued to the American inventor John Bell Blish in 1915, while searching for a manner to permit his weapon to operate safely without the complication of a recoil or gas-operated reloading mechanism. Blish's design (and then known as the Blish Lock) was based on the supposed adhesion of inclined metal surfaces under force per unit area.^[21] Thompson gained financial backing from the businessman Thomas F. Ryan and proceeded to found a company, which he named the Auto-Ordnance Visitor, in 1916, for the purpose of developing his new "auto rifle".

The Thompson was primarily developed in Cleveland, Ohio.^[22] Its primary designers were Theodore H. Eickhoff, Oscar 5. Payne, and George E. Goll. By late 1917, the limits of the Blish Lock were discovered (which is essentially an extreme manifestation of static friction), and, rather than the firearm working as a locked breech, the weapon was instead designed to part as a friction-delayed blowback action. It was establish that the only cartridge currently in service suitable for apply with the new lock was the .45 ACP. General Thompson envisioned a "one-man, paw-held machine gun" chambered in .45 ACP to be used as a "trench broom" for the ongoing trench warfare of Earth War I. Oscar Five. Payne designed the new firearm along with its stick and drum magazines. The project was titled "Annihilator I". Almost of the design issues had been resolved by 1918; however, the state of war ended two days before prototypes could be shipped to Europe.^[23]

At an Auto-Ordnance board meeting in 1919, in gild to discuss the marketing of the "Annihilator", with the war now over the weapon was officially renamed the "Thompson Submachine Gun". While other weapons had been adult shortly prior with like objectives in listen, the Thompson was the commencement weapon to be labeled and marketed as a "submachine gun".^[twenty] Thompson intended for the weapon to provide a loftier volume of automatic, human-portable fire for employ in trench warfare—a role for which the Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR) had been adamant ill-suited.^[24] The concept had already been developed by German troops using their ain Bergmann MP xviii (the world'south kickoff submachine gun) in concert with their Sturmtruppen tactics.^[25]

Early use [edit]

The start Thompson entered production as the M1921. It was available to civilians, just, because of the weapon's high price, initially saw poor sales. The Thompson (with one Type Twenty twenty round "stick" magazine) had been priced at $200 in 1921 (roughly equivalent to $ii,902 in 2020).

M1921 Thompsons were sold in modest numbers to the United States Postal Inspection Service^[26] then they could protect the mail service from a spate of robberies.^[27] It was also sold to the United states Marine Corps, who used their Thompsons in the Banana Wars.^[17] Thompsons had also been widely used throughout China, where several Chinese warlords and their military factions running various parts of the fragmented country fabricated purchases of the weapon, and subsequently produced many local copies.

The Thompson saw popularity as a bespeak-defense weapon for countering ambushes by Nicaraguan guerrillas (in the Banana Wars) and led to the creation of four-man fire teams which had equally much firepower as a nine-man burglarize squad. Federal sales were then followed past sales to police departments in the US, too equally to various international armies and police forces; chiefly in Cardinal and Southward America.^[27]

The major initial complaints concerning the Thompson were its cumbersome weight, its inaccuracy at ranges over 50 yards (46 1000), and its lack of penetrating ability using the .45 ACP cartridge.^[28]

Some of the first batches of Thompsons were bought (in America) past agents of the Irish Republic (notably the Irish politician Harry Boland). The get-go test of the Thompson in Republic of ireland was performed by Irish Republican Army unit of measurement commander Tom Barry, of the W Cork Brigade, in the presence of IRA leader Michael Collins.^[29] They purchased a total of 653 units, though Usa customs authorities in New York seized 495 of the units in June 1921. The residual found their manner to the Irish Republican Army by way of Liverpool, England, and were used in the last month of the Irish War of Independence (1919–21).^[30] After a truce with the British in July 1921, the Irish gaelic Republican Regular army imported more units, which were used in the subsequent Irish Civil War (1922–23). The Thompson was non establish to be very constructive in Republic of ireland; having caused serious casualties in 32 percent of the activity in which information technology was used.^[ii]

The Thompson achieved early on notoriety in the hands of Prohibition and Not bad Depression-era gangsters and the lawmen who pursued them. It was besides depicted in Hollywood films during this era, most notably regarding the St Valentine'due south Twenty-four hour period Massacre. The Thompson guns used in the massacre are however beingness held by the Berrien Canton Sheriff'south Section.^[31] The Thompson has been referred to by one researcher as the "gun that made the twenties roar".^{[32] [33]}

In 1926, the Cutts Compensator (a muzzle brake) was offered every bit an zipper selection for the Thompson. Models with the compensator were cataloged equally No. 21AC, at the original toll of $200. The plain Thompson (without the attachment) was designated No. 21A at a reduced cost of $175.^[23]

In 1928, Federal Laboratories took over distribution of the weapon from Thompson'south Auto Ordnance Corporation.^[34] The new cost was listed every bit $225 per weapon (equivalent to $iii,391 in 2020), with $5 per fifty-round drum and $3 per 20-round magazine.^[34]

A British soldier equipped with a Thompson M1928 submachine gun in November 1940. (Note the use of a pulsate magazine.)

Nationalist China acquired a substantial number of Thompson guns for use against Japanese country forces. They began producing copies of the Thompson in modest quantities for apply by their armies and militias. In the 1930s, Taiyuan Armory (a Chinese weapons manufacturer) produced copies of the Thompson for Yan Xishan, then warlord of Shanxi province.

The FBI had likewise acquired Thompsons in 1933 following the Kansas City Massacre.^[34]

World War Ii [edit]

The Prime Minister Winston Churchill inspects a 'Tommy gun' while visiting littoral defence force positions nearly Hartlepool on 31 July 1940

In 1938, the Thompson submachine gun was adopted by the U.Due south. war machine and was used during Earth War 2.

In that location were ii military types of Thompson submachine gun:

• The M1928A1, which had provisions for both box and drum magazines, utilized the Cutts muzzle brake, had cooling fins on the butt, and employed a delayed blowback activity with the charging handle on the tiptop of the receiver.
• The M1 and M1A1, which had provisions for box magazines just, did not have cooling fins on the barrel, had a simplified rear sight, and employed a direct blowback action with the charging handle on the side of the receiver.

Over 1.5 million military Thompson submachine guns were produced during Earth War II.^[xix]

Magazine developments [edit]

Military users of the M1928A1 units had complaints of the "L" fifty-round drum magazine. The British Regular army criticized "the [magazine's] excessive weight, [and] the rattling sound they made" and shipped thousands back to the U.S. in commutation for xx-round box magazines. The Thompson had to be cocked, bolt retracted, ready to burn, in guild to attach the drum mag. The drum magazine also attached and detached past sliding sideways, which made magazine changes boring and cumbersome. They also created difficulty when clearing a cartridge malfunction ("jam"). Reloading an empty pulsate with cartridges was a difficult and involved procedure in which the 50 rounds would be inserted and and so the magazine wound up until a minimum of ix to 11 loud "clicks" were heard before seating the mag into the weapon.

In contrast, the "Twenty" twenty-round box magazine was light and compact. It tended not to rattle, and could be inserted with the bolt safely closed. The box magazine was chop-chop attached and detached, and was removed downward, making clearing jams easier. The box magazine tripped the commodities open up lock when empty, facilitating magazine changes. An empty box was easy to reload with loose rounds. However, users complained that it was limited in chapters. In the field, some soldiers would tape two "XX" magazines together, in what would be known as "jungle style", to quicken magazine changes.^[35]

Ii alternatives to the "L" 50-circular drum and "XX" 20-circular box magazines were tested December 6, 1941, at Fort Knox, Kentucky. An extended thirty-round box mag and a xl-round mag, which were made by welding two 20-round magazines face to face, jungle way, were tested. The testers considered both superior to either the "Twenty" box or "Fifty" drum. The xxx-circular box was approved as the new standard in December 1941 to supercede the "Xx" and "L" magazines.^[36] (The concept of welding 2 box magazines face-to-confront was besides carried over to the M42 submachine gun.)

M1 development [edit]

The staff of Savage Arms looked for ways to simplify the M1928A1, and produced a prototype in February 1942, which was tested at Aberdeen Proving Basis in March 1942. Ground forces Ordnance approved adoption (every bit the M1) in April 1942. M1s were made by Cruel Artillery and by Auto-Ordnance. M1s were issued with the thirty-circular box magazine and would accept the before 20-circular box, but would not have the drum magazine.^[37]

Combat use [edit]

German Fallschirmjäger troops in Tunisia with a captured M1928A1 Thompson submachine gun

The Thompson was used in Globe War II in the easily of Centrolineal troops as a weapon for scouts, non-commissioned officers (corporal, sergeant, and higher), and patrol leaders, equally well as commissioned officers, tank crewmen, and soldiers performing raids on German positions. In the European theater, the gun was widely utilized in British and Canadian commando units, besides as in the U.S. Army paratrooper and Ranger battalions, where it was issued more frequently than in line infantry units because of its high charge per unit of burn down and its stopping power, which made it very effective in the kinds of close combat these special operations troops were expected to undertake. War machine Police were fond of it, equally were paratroopers, who "borrowed" Thompsons from members of mortar squads for employ on patrols behind enemy lines.^[38] The gun was prized by those lucky plenty to get one and proved itself in the close street fighting that was encountered frequently during the invasion of France. A Swedish variant of the M1928A1, the Kulsprutepistol m/twoscore (submachine gun, model 40), served in the Swedish Army between 1940 and 1951. Through Lend-Charter, the Soviet Union too received the Thompson, just due to a shortage of appropriate ammunition, its use was non widespread.^[39]

In the Malayan Entrada, the Burma Campaign and the Pacific Theater, Lend-Charter issue Thompsons were used by the British Regular army, Indian Regular army, Australian Army infantry and other Commonwealth forces. They used the Thompson extensively in jungle patrols and ambushes, where it was prized for its firepower, though information technology was criticized for its hefty weight and poor reliability. Difficulties in supply somewhen led to its replacement in Australian Army units in 1943 past other submachine guns such every bit the Owen and Austen, and British forces also largely replaced it with the Sten gun. Thompsons were too given to the Purple Australian Air Force and Royal Australian Navy. New Zealand commando forces initially used Thompsons but switched them for the more than reliable, lighter, and more than accurate Owen during the Solomon Islands and Guadalcanal campaigns.^[40] The U.S. Marines likewise used the Thompson as a limited-outcome weapon, specially during their later isle assaults. The Thompson was soon found to have express effect in heavy jungle cover, where the low-velocity .45 bullet would not penetrate most small-diameter copse or protective armor vests. (In 1923, the Regular army had rejected the .45 Remington–Thompson, which had twice the energy of the .45 ACP).^[41] In the U.Southward. Ground forces, many Pacific War jungle patrols were originally equipped with Thompsons in the early on phases of the New Guinea and Guadalcanal campaigns, but before long began employing the Browning Automatic Rifle in its place as a point defence weapon.^[42]

The Army introduced the U.Southward. M3 and M3A1 submachine guns in 1943 with plans to produce the latter in numbers sufficient to cancel future orders for the Thompson, while gradually withdrawing it from the first-line service. Withal, due to unforeseen production delays and requests for modifications, the M3/M3A1 never replaced the Thompson, and purchases continued until February 1944. Though the M3 was considerably cheaper to produce, at the end of Globe State of war Ii, the Thompson, with a full wartime production of over 1.5 million, outnumbered the M3/M3A1 submachine guns in service by almost three to one.^[19]

After World War II [edit]

Ii Israeli policemen, armed with Thompsons meet a Jordanian legionnaire near the Mandelbaum Gate c.  1950

Thompson submachine guns were used by both sides during the 1948 Arab-Israeli state of war.^[43] Post-obit the war, Thompsons were issued to members of State of israel's elite Unit 101, upon the germination of that unit in 1953.^[44]

During the Greek Ceremonious State of war, the Thompson submachine gun was used by both sides. The Hellenic Armed Forces, gendarmerie and constabulary units were equipped with Thompson submachine guns supplied by the British and later in the war past the United States. The opposing Communist fighters of the Autonomous Ground forces of Hellenic republic were also using Thompson submachine guns, either captured from government forces or inherited from ELAS. ELAS was the strongest of the resistance forces during the period of Greek Resistance confronting the Germans and Italians and were supplied with arms from both the British and the United States. After the demobilization of ELAS, an unspecified number of artillery were not surrendered to the government but kept hidden, and were later used past the Democratic Army of Greece.^[45]

The Thompson also found service with the KNIL and the Netherlands Marine Corps during their endeavour to retake their former colony of Indonesia.^[46] Captured examples were later used by Indonesian forces against Dutch forces^{[ commendation needed ]} and during by Indonesian infiltrators during the 1965 Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation.^[47]

By the time of the Korean War in 1950, the Thompson had seen much use by the U.S. and South Korean military, even though the Thompson had been replaced as standard-event by the M3/M3A1. With huge numbers of guns available in army ordnance arsenals, the Thompson remained classed as Limited Standard or Substitute Standard long after the standardization of the M3/M3A1. Many Thompsons were distributed to the The states-backed Nationalist Chinese armed forces equally military help before the autumn of Chiang Kai-shek'southward government to Mao Zedong'southward communist forces at the finish of the Chinese Civil War in 1949 (Thompsons had already been widely used throughout Mainland china since the 1920s, at a time when several Chinese warlords and their military factions running various parts of the fragmented country made purchases of the weapon and then subsequently produced many local copies). During the Korean War, US troops were surprised to come across communist Chinese troops armed with Thompsons (amongst other captured US-made Nationalist Chinese and American firearms), especially during unexpected nighttime-time assaults which became a prominent Chinese combat tactic in the conflict. The gun's ability to evangelize large quantities of short-range automated set on fire proved very useful in both defense force and assault during the early function of the state of war when information technology was constantly mobile and shifting back and forth. Many Chinese Thompsons were captured and placed into service with American soldiers and marines for the remaining period of the state of war.

The Yugoslav Army received 34,000 M1A1 Thompsons during the 1950s every bit part of a US Military Aid to Yugoslavia Understanding. These guns were used during the Yugoslav Wars in the 1990s.^[10]

During the Cuban Revolution, the Thompson submachine gun was used by both Batista'due south regular army and Fidel Castro'due south guerrillas. Both the latter and the Brigade 2506 besides used some during the bay of Pigs Invasion.^[48]

During the Vietnam State of war, some Southward Vietnamese army units and defense force militia were armed with Thompson submachine guns, and a few of these weapons were used by reconnaissance units, advisors, and other American troops. It was partially replaced past the MAC-x, albeit during Vietnam, the fully automatic fire provided by the M16 made the Thompson less constructive than it previously had been. All the same, not but did some U.South. soldiers have use of them in Vietnam, they encountered them besides. The Viet Cong liked the weapon and used both captured models likewise as manufacturing their own copies in small jungle workshops.^[49]

The Australian government destroyed nigh of their Thompson car carbines in the 1960s. They shipped their remaining stocks to arm the forces of Lon Nol's Central khmer Republic in 1975. They were then captured and used by the Central khmer Rouge.

In the conflict in Northern Ireland, known every bit the Troubles (1969–1998), the Thompson was again used by the Irish gaelic Republican paramilitaries. Co-ordinate to historian Peter Hart, "The Thompson remained a cardinal part of both the Official IRA and Conditional IRA arsenals until well into the 1970s when it was superseded past the Armalite and the AK-47."^[9]

The Thompson was also used by U.South. and overseas law enforcement and police forces, well-nigh prominently past the FBI. The FBI used Thompsons until they were declared obsolete and ordered destroyed in the early 1970s.^[50]

Collector interest [edit]

Considering of their quality and craftsmanship, as well as their gangster-era and WWII connections, Thompsons are sought as collector's items. There were fewer than 40 pre-production prototypes. The Colt Patent Burn down Arms Manufacturing Company in Hartford, Connecticut was contracted by the Automobile-Ordnance Corporation to industry the initial mass production of 15,000 Thompson Submachine Guns in 1920. An original Colt Model 1921 A or AC, Model 1927 A or Air conditioning, Model 1928 Navy A or AC, properly registered in working condition with original components can easily fetch from US$25,000 to $45,000+ depending on condition and accessories. For WWII, approximately 1,700,000 Thompson Submachine Guns were produced past Car-Ordnance and Savage Arms, with 1,387,134 existence the simplified World War II M1 and M1A1 variants (without the Blish lock and oiling system^[51]).

A Model 1921A believed to have been endemic past Bonnie and Clyde, but without historical documentation to substantiate this provenance, sold at auction on January 21, 2012, in Kansas City for $130,000.^[52]

Features [edit]

Operating characteristics [edit]

Thompson M1928A1, field stripped

Early versions of the Thompson, the Model 1919, had a fairly high cyclic rate of burn down, as high as 1,200 rounds per infinitesimal (rpm), with most Model 1921s at 800 rpm. This rate of fire, combined with a rather heavy trigger pull and a stock with an excessive drib, increases the tendency for the barrel to climb off target in automatic fire.^{[53] [54]} In 1927, the U.S. Navy ordered 500 Thompsons but requested a lower charge per unit of fire. Thompson requested Payne to develop a method of reducing the cyclic rate of fire. Payne then replaced the actuator with one that was heavier, and replaced the recoil leap with one that was stiffer; the changes reduced the charge per unit of burn down from 800 to the 600 rpm of the U.S. Navy Model 1928. Later on M1 and M1A1 Thompsons averaged besides 600 rpm.^[53] Compared to more mod submachine guns, the Thompson is quite heavy, weighing roughly the same every bit the contemporary M1 Garand semi-automated rifle, and requires a lot of cleaning. This was one of the major complaints about the weapon by U.S. Army personnel to whom it was issued.^[28]

Thompson 1921, field stripped

Although the pulsate magazine provided significant firepower, in war machine service it was found to be overly heavy and beefy, especially when slung on the shoulder while marching.^[54] The M1928A1 Thompson pulsate mag was rather fragile, and cartridges tended to rattle within information technology, producing unwanted noise.^[55] For these reasons, the twenty-round and later 30-round box magazines soon proved most popular with military users of the M1928A1, and drum compatibility was non included in the pattern of the wartime M1 and M1A1 models. The Thompson was ane of the earliest submachine guns to incorporate a double-column, staggered-feed box mag design, which undoubtedly contributed to the gun's reputation for reliability. In addition, the gun performed better than most afterwards exposure to rain, dirt, and mud.^[28]

The selective-fire (semi or fully automated) Thompson fires from the "open bolt" position, in which the bolt is held fully to rearward by the sear when artsy. When the trigger is depressed, the bolt is released, traveling frontward to chamber and simultaneously burn the first and subsequent rounds until either the trigger is released or the ammunition is wearied. This eliminates the chance of "cook-off", which can sometimes occur in closed-bolt automatic weapons.

Disassembly [edit]

The Thompson submachine gun varies in field strip procedure, depending on the variant. Earth War Two-era M1 variants and RPB models field strip more than easily than the M1921.^{[ citation needed ]}

The 1928 variant tin be disassembled easily by first detaching the stock, and so sliding off the lower receiver and and so simply removing the internal parts, cleaning them, and so putting information technology back together. When opened up, the Thompson features a small number of parts that demand to be removed including the leap, commodities, Blish Lock, and actuator commodities.

Variants [edit]

Prototypes [edit]

Persuader and Annihilator [edit]

At that place were two main experimental models of the Thompson. The Persuader was a belt-fed version developed in 1917/18. Information technology was partially built, but never completely finished. The Annihilator, serial no. Ver 10 prototypes were like in appearance to the after models, but without the rear sight and butt stock mounts. The Annihilator prototypes first were fed from a twenty-circular box magazine, simply later on, the 50- and 100-round drum magazine models were adult.

Model 1919 [edit]

Starting with the Serial no. 11, the Model 1919 takes the final advent of the later Thompsons with the rear sights and butt stock. The Model 1919 was limited to almost forty units; the first congenital did not utilize the drums, as it was too difficult to fire. Many variations have been noted within this model. The weapons had very high cyclic rates up to i,500 rpm.^[18] This was the weapon Brigadier General Thompson demonstrated at Camp Perry in 1920. A number of Model 1919s were made without barrel stocks, rear and front sights, but the concluding version closely resembled the later Model 1921. This model was designed to "sweep" trenches with bullets. The New York City Police force Department was the largest purchaser of the M1919. Some experimental calibers bated from the standard .45 ACP (xi.4x23mm) were the .22LR, .32 ACP, .38 ACP, and 9mm.^[27]

.351 WSL variant [edit]

Only 1 paradigm was made in .351 WSL using a standard 20" butt which had a ROF of 1000rpm.

Thompson .30 Carbine [edit]

The layout and ergonomics of the Thompson submachine gun were besides considered for the role of a Calorie-free Burglarize before the adoption of the M1 Carbine. An example known every bit the "Calibre .30 Curt Rifle" was based on the M1921/27 variants.^[56] Withal, it was turned down without testing due to logistical bug.^[57]

.30-06 variant [edit]

A .thirty–06 variant was intended as a rival to the M1918 BAR. Information technology had an extended receiver with a recoil buffer and was fed from 20-round magazines.^[58]

Production [edit]

Model 1921 [edit]

The Model 1921 (M1921) was the offset major production model. Fifteen thousand were produced past Filly for Auto-Ordnance. In its original design, it was finished more like a sporting weapon, with an adjustable rear sight, a blued, finned barrel and vertical foregrip (or pistol grip) and the Blish lock. The M1921 was quite expensive to manufacture, with the original retail toll effectually $200, because of its loftier-quality wood furniture and finely machined parts. The M1921 was famous throughout its career with police and criminals and in motion pictures. This model gained fame from its apply by criminals during Prohibition, and was nicknamed "tommy gun" by the media.^{[ citation needed ]}

Model 1923 [edit]

The Model 1923 was a heavy submachine gun introduced to potentially aggrandize the Auto-Ordnance product line and was demonstrated for the U.Southward. Army. It fired the more powerful .45 Remington–Thompson cartridge which fired a heavier 250 gr (0.57 oz; 16 one thousand) bullet at cage velocities of about 1,450 ft/s (440 thousand/southward) and energy almost 1,170 ft⋅lb (one,590 J), with greater range than the .45 ACP. Information technology introduced a horizontal forearm, improved inline stock for accurateness, 14 in (36 cm) barrel, bipod, and bayonet lug. The M1923 was intended to rival the M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR), with which the Army was already satisfied. The Army did non requite the Model 1923 much consideration, so it was non adopted.

Model 1921AC (1926) [edit]

While non a new model in the usual sense of incorporating major changes, in 1926 the Cutts Compensator (a cage brake) was offered as an option for the M1921; Thompsons with the compensator were cataloged every bit No. 21AC at the original price of $200.00, with the evidently M1921 designated No. 21A at a reduced toll of $175.00.^[23] The Model 1921 was thereafter referred to every bit Model 1921A or Model 1921AC, though some collectors still refer to information technology every bit the Model 1921.

Model 1928 [edit]

The Model 1928 was the first blazon widely used by military forces, with the U.S. Navy and U.South. Marine Corps as major buyers through the 1930s. The original Model 1928s were Model 1921s with weight added to the actuator, which slowed down the cyclic rate of fire, a United States Navy requirement. On these guns, the model number "1921" on the receiver was updated by stamping an "eight" over the last "1". The Navy Model 1928 has several names amongst collectors: the "Colt Overstamp", "1921 Overstamp", "28 Navy", or just "28N".

The 1928 Thompson would be the final minor arm adopted by the U.S. Army that used a year designation in the official classification. With the kickoff of Globe War 2, major contracts from several countries saved the manufacturer from bankruptcy. A notable variant of the Model 1928 with an aluminum receiver and tenite grip, buttstock, and forend, was fabricated past Brutal.^[59]

M1928A1 [edit]

The M1928A1 variant entered mass product before the attack on Pearl Harbor, as on-hand stocks ran out. Changes included a horizontal forend, in identify of the distinctive vertical foregrip ("pistol grip"), and a provision for a military sling. Despite new U.S. contracts for Lend-Charter shipments abroad to China, France, and the United Kingdom, too every bit the needs of American armed forces, only two factories supplied M1928A1 Thompsons during the early years of World War II. Though it could apply both the 50-circular pulsate and the 20- or xxx-round box magazines, active service favored the box magazines as the drums were more decumbent to jamming, rattled when moving, and were likewise heavy and bulky on long patrols. 562,511 were made. Wartime production variants had a fixed rear sight without the triangular sight guard wings and a not-ribbed barrel, both like those found on the M1/M1A1.

In add-on, the Soviet Union received M1928A1s, included as standard equipment with the M3 low-cal tanks obtained through Lend-Lease. These submachine guns were used to a limited extent by the Cherry-red Army.^[60]

Some M1928A1 Thompsons were used by the French before and during the Battle of France (1940) under the designation "Pistolet-mitrailleur 11 mm 43 (C.45) Yard. 28 A1."

An M1928A1 with an unusual inline stock, modified with elevated sights to increase accuracy, too was produced. Some Thompsons were built with a folding stock, similar to M1A1 Carbines used past Allied tank crews, drivers and paratroopers and submarine raiders.^[61]

Service variants [edit]

Thompson Machine Carbine (TMC) [edit]

In 1940, Commonwealth troops in Egypt and North Africa were issued commercial model Lend-Charter Filly- and Fell-manufactured M1928s. Section leaders carried them instead of pistols or rifles. Many of the Colt models had French-language manuals packed with them equally they had been abruptly diverted to England subsequently the fall of France. They shortly discovered that the weapon was decumbent to jamming due to sand. To set this, the armorers removed the Blish Lock and replaced it with a hex bolt to keep the cocking handle and bolt together. The 20-circular Blazon XX magazines had their peep-holes welded shut to keep sand out and the 50-round Type Fifty drums were discontinued. Ammunition was scarce as it was either in small lots of Lend-Lease commercial ammo or obtained from adjacent American troops. It was later replaced by the 9mm Sten gun and Lanchester SMG.

Models used in the Pacific by Australian troops had their sling swivels remounted on the left side to allow information technology to be fired more than easily while prone. A metal sling mountain was fitted to the left side of the wooden buttstock. Ammunition was manufactured in Australia or obtained from side by side American troops. It was subsequently replaced by the Owen Machine Carbine.

M1 [edit]

Burn down Controls on an M1928A1 Thompson. Front lever is the selector switch, set for full car.

Responding to a asking for further simplification, the M1 was standardized in April 1942 as the U.s. Submachine Gun, Cal. .45, M1. Rate of fire was reduced to approximately 600–700 rpm.

Get-go issued in 1943, the M1 uses a uncomplicated blowback performance, with the charging handle moved to the side. The flip-upwards adjustable Lyman rear sight was replaced with a fixed L sight. Tardily M1s had triangular guard wings added to the rear 50 sight, which were standardized on the M1A1. The slots adjoining the mag well assuasive the use of a drum mag were removed. A new magazine catch with the provision for retaining drum magazines removed, was produced, but most M1s and afterward M1A1s retained the original. The less expensive and more-easily manufactured "stick" magazines were used exclusively in the M1, with a new 30-round version joining the familiar 20-circular type. The Cutts compensator, barrel cooling fins, and Blish lock were omitted while the buttstock was permanently affixed. Tardily product M1 stocks were fitted with reinforcing bolts and washers to prevent splitting of the stock where it attached to the receiver. The British had used improvised bolts or forest screws to reinforce M1928 stocks. The M1 reinforcing bolt and washer were carried over to the M1A1 and retrofitted to many of the M1928A1s in U.S. and British service. Late M1s also had simplified burn down control switches, also carried over to the M1A1. Certain M1s had issues with high rate of fire climbing upwards to ~800 RPM. The verbal cause remains unknown, but was resolved with the transition to the M1A1.^[62]

M1A1 [edit]

Both sides of the Thompson M1A1 shown with 30-round magazine

The M1A1, standardized in October 1942 as the Usa Submachine Gun, Cal. .45, M1A1, could be produced in half the time of the M1928A1, and at a much lower cost. The main difference between the M1 and M1A1 was the bolt. The M1 bolt had a floating firing pin and hammer, the bolt of the M1A1 had the firing pin machined to the confront of the bolt, eliminating unnecessary parts. The reinforced stock and protective sight wings were standard. The 30-circular magazine became more than common. In 1939, Thompsons cost the regime $209 apiece. By the jump of 1942, cost-reduction design changes had brought this down to $70. In February 1944, the M1A1 reached a low toll of $45 each, including accessories and spare parts, although the difference in cost between the M1 and M1A1 was only $0.06. Past the end of the war, the M1A1 was replaced with the even lower-cost M3 (commonly called the "Grease Gun").

Semi-automatic [edit]

Model 1927 [edit]

The Model 1927 was the open bolt semi-automated version of the M1921. It was made past modifying an existing Model 1921, including replacing certain parts. The "Thompson Submachine Gun" inscription was machined over to replace it with "Thompson Semi-Automated Carbine", and the "Model 1921" inscription was also machined over to replace information technology with "Model 1927." Although the Model 1927 was semi-automatic only, it was easily converted to fully automatic by installing a full-auto Model 1921 burn down command grouping (internal parts). Most Model 1927s owned by law accept been converted back to full-auto.^[63] The original Model 1927 is classified equally a motorcar gun under the National Firearms Deed of 1934 (a) by being "readily convertible" by swapping parts and (b) by a 1982 BATF ruling making all open commodities semi-automatic firearms manufactured after the date of this ruling classified as machine guns.

Model 1927A1 [edit]

The Model 1927A1 is a semi-automatic replica version of the Thompson, originally produced by Auto-Ordnance of West Hurley, New York for the civilian collector'southward market from 1974 to 1999. It has been produced since 1999 by Kahr Arms of Worcester, Massachusetts. It is officially known as the "Thompson Semi-Automatic Carbine, Model of 1927A1." The internal design is completely different to operate from the airtight commodities and the carbine has a barrel length of xvi.5 in (420 mm) (versus open bolt functioning and butt length of 10.5 in (270 mm) for the fully automatic versions). Under federal regulations, these changes brand the Model 1927A1 legally a rifle and remove information technology from the federal registry requirements of the National Firearms Act. These modern versions should non be confused with the original semi-automatic M1927, which was a slightly modified M1921 produced by Colt for Auto-Ordnance.

The Model 1927A1 is the semi-automatic replica of the Thompson Models of 1921 and 1927. The "Thompson Commando" is a semi-automatic replica of the M1928A1. The Car-Ordnance replica of the Thompson M1 and M1A1 is known as the TM1, and may be plant marked "Thompson Semi-Automatic Carbine, Caliber .45M1".

Model 1927A3 [edit]

The Model 1927A3 is a semi-automatic, .22 caliber version of the Thompson produced past Motorcar-Ordnance in West Hurley.

Model 1927A5 [edit]

The Model 1927A5 is a semi-automatic, .45 ACP pistol version of the Thompson originally produced by Auto-Ordnance in West Hurley from the 1970s until the early 1990s or late 1980s. It featured an aluminum receiver to reduce weight. It has since been replaced with the Kahr Arms TA5 Pistol, which features a 10.5" butt and steel receiver, dissimilar the 1927A5'due south 13" butt and aluminum receiver.

Every bit per the NFA (National Firearms Act of 1934), the "1927A5 .45 ACP Pistol" is simply classified every bit a "Firearm" (Any type of firearm with an overall length of 26" or greater, that does not accept a buttstock) as information technology neither fits the definition of a Pistol or Burglarize under federal constabulary. This categorization also legally allows it to have 1921 or 1928 style foregrip equipped, unlike other "pistol style" Thompson variants, without an AOW (Whatsoever Other Weapon) Taxation Postage stamp.

Auto-Ordnance 1927A5 DOJ BATFE Firearm Classification Letter

1928A1 LTD [edit]

The 1928A1 LTD is a noncombatant semi-automated conversion by Luxembourg Defense Technology (LuxDefTec) in Luxembourg. They are made from original 1928A1 guns of various appearance (with or without Cutt's compensator, ribbed or smooth barrels, adaptable or stock-still sights), that were imported Lend-Charter guns from Russian federation.

Export variants [edit]

BSA Thompsons [edit]

In an attempt to aggrandize interest and sales overseas, Auto-Ordnance entered into a partnership with and licensed the Birmingham Modest Artillery Company Express (BSA) in England to produce a European model. These were produced in small quantities and take a unlike appearance than the classic style. The BSA 1926 was manufactured in 9mmP and 7.63mm Mauser and were tested by various governments, including France, in the mid-1920s. It was never adopted by any military force, and merely a modest number were produced.^[64]

RPB Thompsons [edit]

Special purpose variant [edit]

A special purpose machine pistol variant of the Thompson is manufactured by RPB Industries of Atlanta.^[65]

Suppressed variant [edit]

A version with a threaded butt for suppressors, side folding stock, and modified sights.

Civilian ownership [edit]

Canada [edit]

All variants and modified versions of Thompson submachine guns (even semiautomatic-only versions) are prohibited by name in Canada, as function of Prohibited Weapons Club No. 13 in 1995. Consequently, they cannot be legally imported or owned except under very express circumstances. For example, to ain 1 the person must be "grandfathered" and have owned one before the bill was passed against it. The submachine gun is not grandfathered like in the U.S., just the owner. The submachine gun tin can only be sold to other grandfathered individuals; this keeps prices extremely low every bit the number of permitted licensed individuals is very minor and dwindling with time. Eventually, all prohibited guns volition be out of circulation.^{[66] : Part 1.86 [67]}

United states [edit]

The perceived popularity of submachine guns such as the Thompson with trigger-happy gangsters in the 1920s and 1930s was one of the main reasons given for passage of the National Firearms Act by the United States Congress in 1934. Ane of its provisions was that owners of fully automatic firearms were required to register them with the predecessor agency of the modern Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF). The law too placed restrictions on the possession, transfer, and transport of the weapons.

There are several U.Due south. made automatic and semi-automatic variants, copies, or replicas. The semi-automatic versions are less regulated by federal police force.

United Kingdom [edit]

The possession of whatever fully automated firearm is prohibited in the U.k. by the Firearms Act 1968; prohibited firearms can be possessed on a section 5 document, but these are not issued for sporting purposes. A fully automatic firearm that has been converted to semi-automated fire, such as the Model 1927, is prohibited by the Firearms Human activity 1988, as is whatever centre-burn purpose-made semi-automatic weapon, such as the Model 1927A1. It is now effectively incommunicable for a firearm of this type to be legally possessed by a member of the full general public, except in certified deactivated condition or where specifically manufactured every bit a semi-automated in calibre .22LR.

Frg [edit]

The gun, in a government approved semiautomatic conversion or clone, can legally be owned by hunters and sport shooters. With a pattern date prior to 1942 it is not considered a "weapon of state of war." Only the fully automatic version is a prohibited weapon. As a long gun, it can be bought by hunters (even if it cannot be used to really hunt for legal reasons). There are disciplines in authorities approved sport shooting rulebooks that allow this type to be used, therefore the gun tin exist bought past sport shooters, too.

Users [edit]

• Algeria^[68]
• Argentine republic: M1928 and M1 Thompson^[69]
• Bolivia^[70]
• Brazil: Used by the Brazilian forces from WWII^[71] until the mid-1980s.
• British Bharat: Widely used by the Indian Army in the Malayan Entrada,^[72] in the European theatre^[73] and Burma Campaigns
• Canada^[74]
• Cuba^[75]
• People's Commonwealth of Red china: Unlicensed copies^{[76] [77]}
• Republic of China^[four]
• Republic of croatia^[three]
• Arab republic of egypt^[78]
• France:^[76] The M1928A1 was used as the Pistolet-mitrailleur 11 mm 43 (C.45) M. 28 A1.^[79] The M1A1 was also used.^[lxxx]
• Greece: Used by Greek armed services, resistance fighters, Gendarmerie and constabulary units during World War Two and immediately postwar period.^{[45] [81]}
• Guatemala^[82]
• Haiti^[83]
• Iraq: Iraqi insurgents^[11]
• Imperial State of Islamic republic of iran: Used by the Imperial Iranian Baby-sit Units, first saw action during the Iran crunch of 1946.^[84]
• Israel:^[44]
• Italian republic: Captured examples pressed into employ past the Italian Army prior to September 8, 1943.^[85] Also supplied to partisans and to the Italian Co-argumentative Army.^[86] After the state of war, information technology was mostly issued to Italian Air Force troopers^[87] and the Carabinieri.^[88]
• Nihon: Were used in some quantities by the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force^{[89] [ unreliable source? ]}
• Jordan^[7]
• Kingdom of Laos: Express received by U.South government and used during the First Indochina State of war and Vietnam State of war.^[90]
• Luxembourg: M1A1 in service 1952–1967, replaced past Uzi.^[91]
• Malaysia^[8]
• The Netherlands: In early on World State of war II, at least 3,680 Thompsons acquired through Lend-Lease^[23]
• New Zealand: M1928 and M1928A1^[92]
• Nicaragua:^[93] The Nicaraguan National Guard received M1928A1s and some were captured by Sandino's rebels.^[94]
• Democratic people's republic of korea: Chinese-made Thompsons used by the Korean People's Army in the Korean War.^[95]
• North Vietnam: Unlicensed copies.^[76] Used by Viet Minh in the Get-go Indochina War.^[five]
• Poland: Used by the Polish Armed Forces in the West during WWII^[96] and past resistance fighters during the Warsaw Insurgence (from supply drops)
• Portugal: Small number bought for police use, designated m/1928^[97]
• Somalia^[98]
• South Vietnam^[three]
• Soviet Union^[99]
• Sweden^[100]
• Britain. Get-go issued to the GHQ Liaison Unit of measurement ('Phantom') in February 1940, in accelerate of main War Role contracts.^[101]
• United States: Employed by the United States Marine Corps^[27] and by the Usa Army 1938,^[102] including paratroops in Earth State of war II.
• Vietnam Used by Viet Cong during Vietnam State of war.^[103]
• Venezuela^[104]
• Yugoslavia^[x]

Not-state groups [edit]

• The Provisional IRA and Official IRA used the 1921 variant, mainly during the early 1960s to 1970s.^{[105] [106]}
• The Aroused Brigade^[107]
• Azerbaijan People's Regime^[84]
• Afghan Mujahideen^[108]

See also [edit]

• List of U.S. Regular army weapons by supply catalog designation SNL A-32

References [edit]

1. ^ "The Sandino Rebellion, 1927–1934". Sandinorebellion.com. Retrieved 2011-12-25 .
2. ^ ^{a b} Hart 2003, pp. 187–188
3. ^ ^{a b c d eastward} Bishop, Chris (1998). Guns in Combat. Chartwell Books, Inc. p.^{[ folio needed ]}. ISBN0-7858-0844-2.
4. ^ ^{a b} McNab, Chris (2002). 20th Century Military Uniforms (2nd ed.). Kent: Grange Books. p. 47. ISBN978-1-84013-476-half dozen.
5. ^ ^{a b} Windrow, Martin (15 Nov 1998). The French Indochina War 1946–54. Men-at-Arms 322. Osprey Publishing. p. 24. ISBN9781855327894.
6. ^ Sazanidis 1995, pp. 293–294.
7. ^ ^{a b} Laffin, John (xv Jun 1982). Arab Armies of the Eye East Wars 1948–73. Men-at-Arms 128. Osprey Publishing. p. 32. ISBN9780850454512.
8. ^ ^{a b} "Weapons of the Malay CTs 1948–1960". 17thdivision.tripod.com.
9. ^ ^{a b} Hart 2003, p. 191.
10. ^ ^{a b c} Dyker, David A.; Vejvoda, Ivan (9 December 1996). Yugoslavia and Afterward: A Report in Fragmentation, Despair and Rebirth (1st ed.). London: Routledge. p. 120. ISBN9781317891352.
11. ^ ^{a b} Small-scale Arms Survey (2012). "Surveying the Battlefield: Illicit Artillery In Afghanistan, Iraq, and Somalia". Small Arms Survey 2012: Moving Targets. Cambridge University Press. p. 321. ISBN978-0-521-19714-4. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 30, 2012.
12. ^ Yenne 2009, p.^{[ page needed ]}.
13. ^ ^{a b c d e f one thousand} War Department (1943-10-11). TM 9-2200 Small Artillery, Light Field Mortars and 20-mm Shipping Guns. State of war Department. p. 59.
14. ^ ^{a b c} War Department (1943-10-11). TM 9-2200 Small Artillery, Light Field Mortars and 20-mm Shipping Guns. State of war Section. p. 57.
15. ^ "Full Power/Full Car: The Thompson Goes Metric And the MP5 Goes American". world wide web.americanrifleman.org.
16. ^ "Thompson 1921 Submachine Gun". Mod Firearms. 27 October 2010.
17. ^ ^{a b} Schroeder, Michael J. (2019-03-26), "Digital Resources: The Sandino Rebellion Digital Historical Archive, Nicaragua, 1927–1934", Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin American History, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199366439.013.77, ISBN978-0-xix-936643-9 , retrieved 2021-07-05
18. ^ ^{a b} Bearse 1994, p. 210.
19. ^ ^{a b c} Iannamico, Frank (1999). The U.Southward. M3-M3A1 Submachine Gun. Harmony, Maine: Moose Lake Publishing. pp. fourteen, 55. ISBN978-0-9701954-iv-9.
20. ^ ^{a b} James, Gary (1996–2006). "Development of the Thompson Submachine Gun".
21. ^ Hatcher, Julian Due south. (1947). Hatcher's Notebook. Armed forces Service Publishing Co. p. 44.
22. ^ "The Unofficial Tommy Gun Page". www.nfatoys.com.
23. ^ ^{a b c d} Iannamico 2000, p.^{[ page needed ]}
24. ^ Fitzsimons 1977, p. 272.
25. ^ Gudmundsson, Bruce. (1995). Stormtroop Tactics: Innovation in the High german Army, 1914–1918. Praeger Press.^{[ page needed ]}
26. ^ Smithsonian National Postal Museum Archived 2007-06-11 at the Wayback Motorcar, Postal Inspectors: The Silent Service, Unexpected Duties. "The Postal Inspection Service became the first law enforcement bureau to purchase the Thompson submachine gun ..."
27. ^ ^{a b c d} Fitzsimons 1977, p. 2487
28. ^ ^{a b c} Bert Kortegaard (2000-09-21). "M1A1 Thompson Submachine Gun". Rt66.com. Archived from the original on 2011-12-17. Retrieved 2011-12-25 .
29. ^ Ryan, Meda (2003). Tom Barry: IRA Freedom Fighter. Mercier Printing. p. 125. ISBNane-85635-425-3.
30. ^ Hart 2003, pp. 184–185.
31. ^ Ashcroft, Brent. "St. Valentine's Mean solar day Massacre: Tale of ii guns". WZZM 13 News. ^{[ permanent dead link ]}
32. ^ "Thompson Model 1928 Submachine Gun". National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2008-06-12 .
33. ^ Helmer, William J. (1969). The Gun That Fabricated the Twenties Roar. MacMillan. p.^{[ page needed ]}. ISBN978-0-02-550890-3.
34. ^ ^{a b c} Robert "Bo" Ramsour Two. "The FBI and the Thompson Submachine Gun". Soldier of Fortune magazine, July 18, 2010,^{[ page needed ]}
35. ^ Bruce Canfield. "Thompson Submachine Gun: The Tommy Gun Goes to War". American Rifleman . Retrieved 2016-02-04 .
36. ^ Iannamico 2000, pp. 161, 173, 175.
37. ^ Iannamico 2000, pp. 94–97.
38. ^ Webster, David Yard. Parachute Infantry ^{[ folio needed ]}
39. ^ Bishop, Chris (1998). The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War Two. New York: Orbis Publishing Ltd. ISBN978-0-7607-1022-7. ^{[ folio needed ]}
40. ^ "Chapter XII — Guadalcanal – NZETC". nzetc.victoria.air-conditioning.nz.
41. ^ Bearse 1994, p. 213.
42. ^ George 1981, p. 400.
43. ^ Yenne 2009, p. 263.
44. ^ ^{a b} Uzi, Eilam (2011). Eilam's Arc: How Israel Became a Military Engineering Powerhouse. Sussex Academic Press. p. seven.
45. ^ ^{a b} Sazanidis 1995, pp. 293–295
46. ^ Bloomfield, Lincoln P.; Leiss, Amelia Catherine (30 June 1967). The Control of local conflict : a design study on artillery control and limited war in the developing areas (PDF). Vol. 3. Massachusetts Plant of Technology. Centre for International Studies. pp. 81, 89. hdl:2027/uiug.30112064404368.
47. ^ Bloomfield & Leiss 1967, p. 191.
48. ^ de Quesada, Alejandro (10 Jan 2009). The Bay of Pigs: Cuba 1961. Elite 166. pp. ix, 60–61. ISBN9781846033230.
49. ^ "12 Viet Cong Bootleg Thompson Submachine Gun". www.williammaloney.com.
50. ^ Vanderpool, Neb (October 2013). "Bring Plenty Gun". American Rifleman. pp. 80–85&115–116.
51. ^ Fitzsimons 1977, p. 2488.
52. ^ Rice, Glenn East. "$210K for Bonnie & Clyde Tommy Gun, shotgun" The Kansas City Star 21 Jan. 2012
53. ^ ^{a b} Dunlap 1948, p. 299
54. ^ ^{a b} George 1981, p. 395
55. ^ Pegler 2010, p. 26.
56. ^ The Ultimate Thompson Volume by Tracie Fifty. Hill
57. ^ "Thompson "Tommy Gun" SMG... .thirty Carbine Version -". 20 October 2016.
58. ^ "Gun".
59. ^ "Thompson Gallery". www.MachineGunBooks.com. Retrieved 2011-12-25 .
60. ^ "Память народа::Поиск документов частей".
61. ^ "Experimental Thompson Stock". Forgotten Weapons. 2012-12-07.
62. ^ M1 Vs M1A1 Thompson Submachine Gun Cyclic rate
63. ^ Iannamico 2000, p. 21.
64. ^ "Submachine guns of Uk – BSA Thompson 1926 – Thompson 1928A1 – Lanchester – Sten and Sterling". Gotavapen.se. 2010-09-08. Retrieved 2011-12-25 .
65. ^ "Archived copy". img822.imageshack.us. Archived from the original on 6 February 2012. Retrieved 17 January 2022. {{cite spider web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as championship (link)
66. ^ Listing of Restricted and Prohibited Firearms, Canadian Firearms Centre (Cfc)
67. ^ Prohibited Firearms Archived 2007-08-20 at the Wayback Machine, Canadian Firearms Heart (Chlorofluorocarbon)
68. ^ Windrow, Martin (1997). The Algerian War, 1954–62. Men-at Arms 312. London: Osprey Publishing. p. 46. ISBN978-ane-85532-658-three.
69. ^ Smith 1969, p. 194.
70. ^ Scarlata, Paul (May 2014). "La Guerra del Chaco: fighting in El Infierno Verde: Role ii: tanks, airplanes, submachine guns: all played a role in this bloody conflict over some of the globe's almost godforsaken existent estate". Shotgun News.
71. ^ Maximiano, Cesar; Bonalume, Ricardo N (2011). Brazilian Expeditionary Forcefulness in Globe War II . Men at Artillery 465. Osprey Publishing. p. 45. ISBN9781849084833.
72. ^ McNab 2002, p. 131.
73. ^ McNab 2002, p. 133.
74. ^ "Thompson Submachine Gun". world wide web.canadiansoldiers.com. Retrieved 2009-09-22 .
75. ^ Yenne 2009, pp. 111–114.
76. ^ ^{a b c} Charles H. Smith. "History of the Thompson submachine gun". Archived from the original on 2009-03-08. Retrieved 2009-09-22 .
77. ^ "M1A1 Thompson submachine gun". Archived from the original on 2011-12-17. Retrieved 2009-09-22 .
78. ^ "Автомат Томпсон, калибр .45". Сайт про оружие, оружие всех времен и народов, виды оружия. 2012-09-25.
79. ^ Manuel du Grade TTA 116 (in French). Berger-Levrault. 1956-03-nineteen. p. 274.
80. ^ "50'armement français en A.F.N." Gazette des Armes (in French). No. 220. March 1992. pp. 12–16.
81. ^ McNab 2002, p. 123.
82. ^ "Police Small Artillery Arsenals in the Northern Central American Triangle". Small Arms Defense Periodical. Vol. seven, no. 5. 4 December 2015.
83. ^ Gander, Terry J.; Hogg, Ian 5. Jane's Infantry Weapons 1995/1996. Jane'south Information Group; 21 edition (May 1995). ISBN 978-0-7106-1241-0.^{[ page needed ]}
84. ^ ^{a b} "Silah Report Podcast V33: Iranian Submachine Guns (1941–1979)". 21 June 2021.
85. ^ "Bir El Gobi: la battaglia". Digilander.libero.it. Retrieved 2011-12-25 .
86. ^ Romain Rainero, Antonello Biagini, Fifty'Italian republic in guerra: Il 6° anno, 1945 published by Commissione italiana di storia militare, 1996.^{[ page needed ]}
87. ^ Every bit pictured in the volume Ho vestito in azzurro by Nicola Malizia, IBN 2005.^{[ page needed ]}
88. ^ As mentioned in a notorious reportage on the death of outlaw Salvatore Giuliano:http://www.ilcassetto.it/notizia.php?tid=148 Archived 2013-10-xvi at the Wayback Machine
89. ^ 自衛隊の銃器各種. jieitaisaiyou.web.fc2.com (in Japanese). Archived from the original on six March 2017.
90. ^ Conboy, Kenneth (23 Nov 1989). The War in Lao people's democratic republic 1960–75. Men-at-Arms 217. Osprey Publishing. p. 15. ISBN9780850459388.
91. ^ "Chiliad-Duchy Of Luxembourg". Mnhm.lu. Archived from the original on 2011-01-26. Retrieved 2011-12-25 .
92. ^ Stack, Wayne; O'Sullivan, Barry (20 Mar 2013). The New Zealand Expeditionary Forcefulness in Earth War II. Men-at-Arms 486. Osprey Publishing. p. 46. ISBN9781780961118.
93. ^ Pegler 2010, p. 56.
94. ^ Jowett, Philip (28 Jun 2018). Latin American Wars 1900–1941: "Banana Wars," Border Wars & Revolutions. Men-at-Arms 519. Osprey Publishing. pp. 44–45. ISBN9781472826282.
95. ^ "11mm Submachine Gun (China)".
96. ^ Zaloga, Steven J. (1982). The Polish Army 1939–45. Men-at-Artillery 117. Osprey Publishing. pp. 22, 38. ISBN9780850454178.
97. ^ ":: Revista Militar ::-Revistas – Equally Indústrias Militares e Equally Armas de Fogo" (in Portuguese). Revistamilitar.pt. 2010-05-28. Archived from the original on 2012-03-27. Retrieved 2011-12-25 .
98. ^ "La fusillade de Loyada : Quelle balle a tué ?". Le Monde (in French). No. 9660. 12 February 1976. p. seven.
99. ^ Maxim Popenker. "Thompson M1921 M1928 M1 and M1A1 submachine gun / "Tommy Gun" (U.s.)". World Guns. Retrieved 2009-09-22 .
100. ^ "Submachine guns of Sweden".
101. ^ Atkin, Malcolm (2015). Fighting Nazi Occupation: British Resistance 1939 – 1945. Pen and Sword. p. fourscore. ISBN978-i-47383-377-seven.
102. ^ Miller, David (2001). The Illustrated Directory of 20th Century Guns. Salamander Books Ltd. ISBN 1-84065-245-4.^{[ page needed ]}
103. ^ "Viet Cong Weaponry: 14 Small-scale Arms From the Vietnam War". 22 October 2015.
104. ^ "Legendarios". FAV-Club. 2013-12-18. Archived from the original on 2020-04-xiv. Retrieved 2017-02-24 .
105. ^ Paul V. Walsh. "The Irish gaelic Ceremonious War, 1922–1923". Archived from the original on 2006-05-08. Retrieved 2009-09-22 .
106. ^ O'Brien, Brendan (1993). The Long War: The IRA and Sinn Féin, 1985 to Today. Syracuse University Press. pp. 279–. ISBN978-0-8156-0319-ane.
107. ^ Dobson, Christopher; Payne, Ronald (1982). The Terrorists: Their Weapons, Leaders, and Tactics. Facts on File. p. 101.
108. ^ "The American "Tommy Gun" In The Pak-Afghan Region Written report". Silah Report. 25 May 2021. Retrieved 2022-02-28 .

Bibliography [edit]

• Albert, David and Sig, Mike. (2005). Thompson Manuals, Catalogs, and Other Paper Items. Self Published.
• Bannan, James F. and Loma, Tracie L. (1989). Notes On Motorcar-Ordnance. South West Publishing Co.
• Bearse, Ray (1994). "The Thompson Submachine Gun: Weapon of War and Peace". In Murtz, Harold A. (ed.). Gun Digest Treasury (7th ed.). DBI Books. ISBN978-0873491563.
• Burrough, Bryan. (2004). Public Enemies: America's Greatest Criminal offence Wave and the Birth of the FBI. The Penguin Printing.
• Cox, Roger A. (1982). The Thompson Submachine Gun. Constabulary Enforcement Ordnance Company.
• Dunlap, Roy F. (1948). Ordnance Went Up Front end. Samworth Press.
• Ellis, Chris. (1998). The Thompson Submachine Gun. War machine Volume Order.
• Fitzsimons, Bernard (1977). The illustrated encyclopedia of 20th century weapons and warfare . Phoebus. OCLC 18501210.
• George, John (Lt. Col) (1981) [1948]. Shots Fired In Acrimony (two ed.). NRA Press. ISBN978-0935998429.
• Hart, Peter (2003). The I.R.A. at War, 1916–1923. Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0199277865.
• Herigstad, Gordon. (1996). Filly Thompson Serial Numbers. Cocky-published.
• Hill, Tracie L. (1996). Thompson: The American Fable. Collector Course Publications.
• Loma, Tracie L. (2009). The Ultimate Thompson Volume. Collector Course Publications.
• Hogg, Ian V. and Weeks, John. (1989). Military Small-scale Artillery of the 20th Century. DBI Books Inc.
• Huon, Jean. (1995). Les pistolets-mitrailleurs Thompson. Barnett Editions, also Editions Crepin-LeBlond.
• Iannamico, Frank (2000). American Thunder: The Military Thompson Submachine Gun. Moose Lake Publishing.
• Iannamico, Frank. (2003). "The Colt Thompson Submachine Gun". The Shotgun News Treasury Issue Volume 4. Primedia Publishing
• Iannamico, Frank. (2004). American Thunder 2: The War machine Thompson Submachine Gun. Moose Lake Publishing.
• Iannamico, Frank. (2004). United states of america Submachine Guns. Moose Lake Publishing.
• Johnson, Melvin K. and Haven, Charles J. (1941). Automatic Arms. William Morrow and Co.
• Linton, Peter. The Machinist'south Guide to the Thompson Submachine Gun (2012) Gun Show Books Publishing ISBN 978-0-9787086-2-vii
• Nelson, Thomas B. (1963). The Globe's Submachine Guns, Volume I. International Pocket-sized Arms Publishers.
• Pegler, Martin (2010). The Thompson Submachine Gun: From Prohibition Chicago to World War II. Weapon one. Osprey Publishing. ISBN9781849081498.
• (in Portuguese) Olive, Ronaldo. (1996). Guia Internacional de Submetralhadoras. Editora Magnum Ltda.
• (in Greek) Sazanidis, Christos (1995). Τα όπλα των Ελλήνων [Arms of the Greeks] (in Greek). Thessaloniki (Greece): Maiandros. ISBN978-960-90213-0-2.
• Sharpe, Philip B. "The Thompson Sub-Machine Gun (in Constabulary Science)" Journal of Criminal Police and Criminology (1931–1951), Vol. 23, No. 6. (Mar. – Apr., 1933), pp. 1098–1114.
• Smith, Charles H. A brief story of Auto-Ordnance Company.
• Smith, Joseph Eastward. (1969). Pocket-sized Arms of the World (11 ed.). Harrisburg, PA: The Stackpole Company. ISBN9780811715669.
• "Sturmgewehr!" by R. Blake Stevens Collector Class Publications (2004). Thompsons(!) in Weimar Germany ISBN 0889353565, 9780889353565
• Weeks, John. (1980). Globe War II Pocket-sized Artillery. Galahad Books.
• Wilson, R.K. (1943). Textbook of Automatic Pistols. Minor Artillery Technical Publishing Visitor.
• Yenne, Bill (2009). Tommy Gun: How General Thompson's Submachine Gun Wrote History . New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN978-0-312-38326-viii. (340 pages; contains black-and-white photographs and illustrations).

External links [edit]

• Machine Ordnance
• The Official Thompson Collectors Clan Folio
• "Thompson Submachine Gun: Principles of Operation 1943" on YouTube

Double Eagle M1a1 Drum Magazine Ful Semi Auto Airsoft Tommy Gun

Posted by: thurstonsuchibiant.blogspot.com

Share this post